成人英语三级考试：语法非谓语动词(1)

近几年的语法测试中非谓语动词约占31.1%，平均每年近5道题，可谓是语法项目考查的重点，那么非谓语动词的考查都有哪些特点，解答时又应注意些什么呢?下面我和大家就一起来分析一下：

1) 谓语动词与非谓语动词的判断

对谓语动词与非谓语动词区别的考查主要集中在独立主格结构，如：

All things ___ because of the snowstorm, many passengers could do nothing but take the train.

A. had been canceled B. have been canceled

C. were canceled D. having been canceled转自环 球 网 校edu24ol.com

四个选项中有三个是谓语动词，只有D是非谓语动词，只要同学们能判断出这里是非谓语动词做状语，则不用考虑时态的问题，答案自明。

2) 谓语动词后不定式与动名词的选择

谓语动词后接不定式还是接动名词也是三级语法测试中的一个题眼。如：

① I don't mind ____ the decision as long as it is not too late.

A. you to delay making B. your delaying making

C. your delaying to make D. you delay to make

② Had I remembered ____ the windows, the thief would not have got in.

A. to close B. closing

C. to have closed D. having closed

③ Your hair wants ______ . You'd better have it done tomorrow.

A. cut B. to cut C. cutting D. being cut

这类题涉及三个方面：

谓语动词后应该接不定式还是动名词?转自环 球 网 校edu24ol.com

即可接不定式又可接动名词时，结构和意思上有何差别?

不定式与动名词用主动形式还是用被动形式?

3) 做定语的非谓语动词的选择

从近几年的考查情况来看，对做定语的非谓语动词的考查有两种情况：

(1)对一般概念的考查，而不是固定结构中的非谓语动词做定语。如：

① The project ____ by the end of 2000, will expand the city's telephone network to cover 1,000,000 users.

A. accomplished B. being accomplished

C. to be accomplished D. having been accomplished

② If I correct someone, I will do it with so much good humor and self-restraint as if I were the one ______.

A. to correct B. correcting

C. having been corrected D. being corrected

同学们只要掌握非谓语动词做定语的一般的规律,就可以判断①题答案为C，②题答案为D。

(2)对固定结构的考查，如：

① The professor could hardly find sufficient grounds _____ his　arguments in favor of the new theory.

A. to be based on B. to base on

C. which to base on D. on which to base

② The pressure _____ causes Americans to be energetic, but it also puts them under a constant emotional strain.

A. to compete B. competing

C. to be competed D. having competed

①题为不定式做定语的固定形式，答案为D，②题为某些特定名词的定语结构，

4) 做状语的非谓语动词的选择

做状语的非谓语动词主要考查其各种形式的选择，如：

① ______ the earth to be flat, many feared that Columbus would fall off the edge of the earth.

A. Having believed B. Believing

C. Believed D. Being Believed

② _______ a teacher in a university, it is necessary to have at least a master's degree.

A. To become B. Become C. One becomes D. On becoming

③ Realizing that he hadn't enough money and ____ to borrow from　his father, he decided to sell his watch.

A. not wanted B. no to want C. not wanting D. wanting not

④ ___ it or not, his discovery has created a stir in scientific circles.

A. Believe B. To believe C. Believing D. Believed

从以上各题来看，考查的侧重点有：

(1)状语类别的判断

不同的状语对非谓语动词的要求不同，目的状语要求用不定式，如②。

(2)非谓语动词与句子属于之间的逻辑关系

根据主谓关系或动宾关系的不同来确定用现在分词还是用过去分词。

(3)非谓语动词的否定形式

not否定非谓语动词时置于非谓语动词之前，如③。

(4) 独立成分

有些非谓语动词的使用不受与句子主语关系的限制，称为独立成分，这类成 分只记忆即可。如:

generally speaking, judging from..., to tell the truth..., 等。

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